不同語(yǔ)法書(shū)對(duì)于名詞性從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞的總結(jié)各不相同，自己匯總了下，望老師指點(diǎn)！

wh-疑問(wèn)詞：what，which，who，whom，whose, whatever, whomever, whoever, whichever, when, where, why, how

融合關(guān)系詞：what, who, whoever, whatever, whichever, whomever, whosever, when, where, whenever, wherever, however

如此分對(duì)不對(duì)？有以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題請(qǐng)老師指點(diǎn)！

1.whatever, whomever, whoever, whichever可否劃為wh-疑問(wèn)詞的話(huà)? 可否理解為what, whom，who，which的語(yǔ)氣加大。比如：

I dont know whoever said that.

I dont know whomever you voted for.

I dont know whatever it is.

I dont know whichever you like.



2.what, which, whose都可以引導(dǎo)主賓表同從句，在從句中作主賓表定？下面這類(lèi)句子對(duì)不對(duì)？



Whatcausedthefailureisnotclearatthemoment.（作主語(yǔ)）

What she did after that is not clear to us. （作賓語(yǔ)）

What elements are is known to the students. （作表語(yǔ)）

What motive he could have had is not quite clear to us. （作定語(yǔ)）

第4個(gè)what motive這里的what應(yīng)該叫連接形容詞？



Which is the best of all those ways is uncertain.（做主語(yǔ)）

Which design is the best must be tried in practice.（作定語(yǔ)）

Which you like best is not clear to us.（賓語(yǔ)）

Which is yours is not clear to us. （表語(yǔ)）

Whose fault it is is quite clear now.

I wondered whose the coat was.

Whose is best is unknown.

Whose the coat belongs to is unknown.

前兩個(gè)whose與后兩個(gè)whose的詞性感覺(jué)不同，還是后兩個(gè)whose后省略了名詞？
以上例句均是主語(yǔ)從句，在表賓同中同樣可以作這類(lèi)成分？



3. who可否從融合關(guān)系詞中擇出來(lái)？

曹老師前面帖子中提到who在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中已不做融合關(guān)系詞，只應(yīng)用于一些固定諺語(yǔ)中。比如：Who laughs last laughs best。但不少語(yǔ)法書(shū)依舊歸為融合關(guān)系詞。



4.whenever，wherever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，極少見(jiàn)到。有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)上把whosever，however也劃歸為融合關(guān)系詞，但沒(méi)任何例句。麻煩老師舉例講解下！



5.融合關(guān)系詞是只包含融合關(guān)系代詞，融合關(guān)系副詞兩種，還是加上融合關(guān)系形容詞三種？

Whatever result we get must be checked. 感覺(jué)whatever在這里應(yīng)該是形容詞。

1 你對(duì)wh-疑問(wèn)詞和wh-融合型關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)是正確的。

2 作為疑問(wèn)詞，wh-ever=wh-詞，但多了表示surprise或anger這一層感情色彩。比如：

I dont know whatever we can learn from this 14-year-old girl. 到底能學(xué)到什么。

3 what, which, whose既能夠是疑問(wèn)代詞，也可以是疑問(wèn)限定詞。前者直接作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，后者修飾名詞，名詞作主、賓、表語(yǔ)。既然你已經(jīng)有了限定詞的定義，就不要再稱(chēng)名詞前的疑問(wèn)詞為形容詞，而應(yīng)改依據(jù)現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法改稱(chēng)為疑問(wèn)限定詞。不然在你的講解體系中就不要用限定詞這一術(shù)語(yǔ)。作為限定詞，which，whose為特指意義，what一般表示泛指意義。

你的這類(lèi)例句都是正確的。

4 who作為融合型關(guān)系代詞在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中極少用，但閱讀中常常會(huì)遇見(jiàn)早期英語(yǔ)作品中who作融合型關(guān)系代詞的句子。所以語(yǔ)法書(shū)將who包含子融合型關(guān)系代詞中解說(shuō)，便于讀者閱讀。但自己寫(xiě)作中要用whoever，而不是who作為融合型關(guān)系代詞。

5 融合型關(guān)系詞包含融合型關(guān)系代詞，融合型關(guān)系副詞，和融合型關(guān)系限定詞。whatever，whichever，whosever都可用作融合型關(guān)系限定詞。比如：Take whichever book you like.

6 however, wherever, however作為融合型關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的例句：

I will accept however you do it.

= I will accept any way in which you do it.

It can be wherever the weather is warm and wet.

= It can be any place where the weather is warm and wet.

I will wear whosever gloves are my size.

= I will wear anyones gloves that are my size.

這三個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系分句極少見(jiàn)到，一般知道即可，不必細(xì)究。